The Blue Economy

The concept of the ‘Blue Economy’ is part of a lexicon of new terminology which recognises that the sustainable utilisation of marine resources requires healthy marine ecosystems.

We are increasingly being consulted on matters that explore the tension between the sustainable use of the ocean and managing the environmental and ecological impacts of marine economies. This new lexicon of terms includes phrases such as “ecosystem based management”, “significant adverse impacts”, the “precautionary principle”, “kaitiakitanga” – guardianship and conservation, and others which inform domestic policy formulation and ultimately the law.

Oceans offer significant opportunities for economic development of countries, and we are seeing an increased focus on what comprises ‘sustainability’ in the ocean space.  This gives rise to tensions between users of the ocean space which we regularly consult upon.

Much of New Zealand’s legislation governing the use of the ocean space anticipates a balancing exercise between the utilisation of a resource, whilst ensuring sustainability.  For example, the purpose of the Fisheries Act 1996 is described as “… to provide for the utilisation of fisheries resources while ensuring sustainability.”  The EEZ and Continental Shelf (Environmental Effects) Act describes its purpose as “to promote the sustainable management of the natural resources of the exclusive economic zone and the continental shelf whilst protecting the environment from pollution by regulating or prohibiting the discharge of harmful substances and the dumping or incineration of waste or other matter.”

In New Zealand, there is an increased drive to incorporate the Te Ao Maori worldview into the management of the ocean which is closely aligned with the stewardship “kaitiakitanga” of the ocean for future generations.  We see websites popping up weekly advocating for the stewardship of a healthy and productive ocean, however are deeply concerned that the voice of primary industry is being drowned out in the loose use of terminology, recycling of old images and a distinct lack of willingness to engage with primary industry, which forms the lifeblood of the New Zealand economy.

For further insights please contact Peter Dawson by email peter@maritimelaw.co.nz, or phone 03 544 1967.